Mixed ionic conductor and device using the same

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A mixed ionic conductor is disclosed comprising an ion conductive oxide having a perovskite structure of the formula BaeZr1-zM2zO3-β, wherein   0.9 ≤ e ≤ 1;    M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of trivalent rare earth elements, Bi, Ga, Sn, Sb and In; with 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 0.3; and (2 + z - 2e)/2 ≤ β < 1.5. The mixed ionic conductor may be used in a fuel cell or gas sensor.