Hard magnetic material and the permanent magnet

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PURPOSE : To obtain a hard magnetic material of high performance having high saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic anisotropy and excellent thermal stability and effectively used for a permanent magnet or the like by specifying the atomic% of the material and furthermore specifying the crystalline structure thereof. CONSTITUTION : This magnetic material is expressed by a general formula R1xR 2yAzCouFe100-x-y-z-u (wherein R1 denotes at least one kind of element selected among rate earth elements, R2 denotes at least one kind of element selected among Zr, Hf and Sc, A denotes at least one kind of element selected among C, N and P, and (x), (y), (z) and (u) are respectively, by atomic%, 2<=x, 4<=x+y<=20, 0<=z<=20 and 0<=u<=70), has a TbCu7 type crystalline structure in its main phase, and is specified as <=0.8 deg. half-value width of the main reflection intensity of the phase. Thus, the hard magnetic material having high saturation magnetic flux density and excellent magnetic anisotropy can be obtd.